Regexp::Common::comment(3)

NAME
Regexp::Common::comment -- provide regexes for comments.

SYNOPSIS
    use Regexp::Common qw /comment/;

    while (<>) {
        /$RE{comment}{C}/       and  print "Contains a C comment\n";
        /$RE{comment}{C++}/     and  print "Contains a C++ comment\n";
        /$RE{comment}{PHP}/     and  print "Contains a PHP comment\n";
        /$RE{comment}{Java}/    and  print "Contains a Java comment\n";
        /$RE{comment}{Perl}/    and  print "Contains a Perl comment\n";
        /$RE{comment}{awk}/     and  print "Contains an awk comment\n";
        /$RE{comment}{HTML}/    and  print "Contains an HTML comment\n";
    }

    use Regexp::Common qw /comment RE_comment_HTML/;

    while (<>) {
        $_ =~ RE_comment_HTML() and  print "Contains an HTML comment\n";
    }

DESCRIPTION
Please consult the manual of Regexp::Common for a general description of the works of this interface.

Do not use this module directly, but load it via Regexp::Common.

This modules gives you regular expressions for comments in various languages.

  THE LANGUAGES
Below, the comments of each of the languages are described. The patterns are available as "$RE{comment}{LANG}", foreach language LANG. Some languages have variants; it's described at the individual languages how to get the patterns for the variants. Unless mentioned otherwise, "{-keep}" sets $1, $2, $3 and $4 to the entire comment, the opening marker, the content of the comment, and the closing marker (for many languages, the latter is a newline) respectively.

ABC Comments in ABC start with a backslash ("\"), and last till the end of the line. See <http://homepages.cwi.nl/%7Esteven/abc/>.

Ada Comments in Ada start with "--", and last till the end of the line.

Advisor
    Advisor is a language used by the HP product glance. Comments for this language start with either "#" or "//", and last till the end of the line.

Advsys
    Comments for the Advsys language start with ";" and last till the end of the line. See also <http://www.wurb.com/if/devsys/12>.

Alan
    Alan comments start with "--", and last till the end of the line. See also <http://w1.132.telia.com/~u13207378/alan/manual/alanTOC.html>.

Algol 60
    Comments in the Algol 60 language start with the keyword "comment", and end with a ";". See <http://www.masswerk.at/algol60/report.htm>.

Algol 68
    In Algol 68, comments are either delimited by "#", or by one of the keywords "co" or "comment". The keywords should not be part of another word. See <http://westein.arb-phys.uni-dortmund.de/~wb/a68s.txt>. With "{-keep}", only $1 will be set, returning the entire comment.

ALPACA
    The ALPACA language has comments starting with "/*" and ending with "*/".

awk The awk programming language uses comments that start with "#" and end at the end of the line.

B   The B language has comments starting with "/*" and ending with "*/".

BASIC
    There are various forms of BASIC around. Currently, we only support the variant supported by mvEnterprise, whose pattern is available as "$RE{comment}{BASIC}{mvEnterprise}". Comments in this language start with a "!", a "*" or the keyword "REM", and end till the end of the line. See <http://www.rainingdata.com/products/beta/docs/mve/50/ReferenceManual/Basic.pdf>.

Beatnik
    The esotoric language Beatnik only uses words consisting of letters. Words are scored according to the rules of Scrabble. Words scoring less than 5 points, or 18 points or more are considered comments (although the compiler might mock at you if you score less than 5 points). Regardless whether "{-keep}", $1 will be set, and set to the entire comment. This pattern requires perl 5.8.0 or newer.

beta-Juliet
    The beta-Juliet programming language has comments that start with "//" and that continue till the end of the line. See also <http://www.catseye.mb.ca/esoteric/b-juliet/index.html>.

Befunge-98
    The esotoric language Befunge-98 uses comments that start and end with a ";". See <http://www.catseye.mb.ca/esoteric/befunge/98/spec98.html>.

BML BML, or Better Markup Language is an HTML templating language that uses comments starting with "<?c_", and ending with "c_?>". See <http://www.livejournal.com/doc/server/bml.index.html>.

Brainfuck
    The minimal language Brainfuck uses only eight characters, "<", ">", "[", "]", "+", "-", "." and ",". Any other characters are considered comments. With "{-keep}", $1 is set to the entire comment.

C   The C language has comments starting with "/*" and ending with "*/".

C-- The C-- language has comments starting with "/*" and ending with "*/". See <http://cs.uas.arizona.edu/classes/453/programs/C--Spec.html>.

C++ The C++ language has two forms of comments. Comments that start with "//" and last till the end of the line, and comments that start with "/*", and end with "*/". If "{-keep}" is used, only $1 will be set, and set to the entire comment.

C#  The C# language has two forms of comments. Comments that start with "//" and last till the end of the line, and comments that start with "/*", and end with "*/". If "{-keep}" is used, only $1 will be set, and set to the entire comment. See <http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/csspec/html/vclrfcsharpspec_C.asp>.

Caml
    Comments in Caml start with "(*", end with "*)", and can be nested. See <http://www.cs.caltech.edu/courses/cs134/cs134b/book.pdf> and <http://pauillac.inria.fr/caml/index-eng.html>.

Cg  The Cg language has two forms of comments. Comments that start with "//" and last till the end of the line, and comments that start with "/*", and end with "*/". If "{-keep}" is used, only $1 will be set, and set to the entire comment. See <http://developer.nvidia.com/attach/3722>.

CLU In "CLU", a comment starts with a procent sign ("%"), and ends with the next newline. See <ftp://ftp.lcs.mit.edu:/pub/pclu/CLU-syntax.ps> and <http://www.pmg.lcs.mit.edu/CLU.html>.

COBOL
    Traditionally, comments in COBOL are indicated by an asteriks in the seventh column. This is what the pattern matches. Modern compiler may more lenient though. See <http://www.csis.ul.ie/cobol/Course/COBOLIntro.htm>, and <http://www.csis.ul.ie/cobol/default.htm>.

CQL Comments in the chess query language (CQL) start with a semi colon (";") and last till the end of the line. See <http://www.rbnn.com/cql/>.

Crystal Report
    The formula editor in Crystal Reports uses comments that start with "//", and end with the end of the line.

Dylan
    There are two types of comments in Dylan. They either start with "//", or are nested comments, delimited with "/*" and "*/". Under "{-keep}", only $1 will be set, returning the entire comment. This pattern requires perl 5.6.0 or newer.

ECMAScript
    The ECMAScript language has two forms of comments. Comments that start with "//" and last till the end of the line, and comments that start with "/*", and end with "*/". If "{-keep}" is used, only $1 will be set, and set to the entire comment. JavaScript is Netscapes implementation of ECMAScript. See <http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ecma-st/Ecma-262.pdf>, and <http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm>.

Eiffel
    Eiffel comments start with "--", and last till the end of the line.

False
    In False, comments start with "{" and end with "}". See <http://wouter.fov120.com/false/false.txt>

FPL The FPL language has two forms of comments. Comments that start with "//" and last till the end of the line, and comments that start with "/*", and end with "*/". If "{-keep}" is used, only $1 will be set, and set to the entire comment.

Forth
    Comments in Forth start with "\", and end with the end of the line. See also <http://docs.sun.com/sb/doc/806-1377-10>.

Fortran
    There are two forms of Fortran. There's free form Fortran, which has comments that start with "!", and end at the end of the line. The pattern for this is given by $RE{Fortran}. Fixed form Fortran, which has been obsoleted, has comments that start with "C", "c" or "*" in the first column, or with "!" anywhere, but the sixth column. The pattern for this are given by "$RE{Fortran}{fixed}".

    See also <http://www.cray.com/craydoc/manuals/007-3692-005/html-007-3692-005/>.

Funge-98
    The esotoric language Funge-98 uses comments that start and end with a ";".

fvwm2
    Configuration files for fvwm2 have comments starting with a "#" and lasting the rest of the line.

Haifu
    Haifu, an esotoric language using haikus, has comments starting and ending with a ",". See <http://www.dangermouse.net/esoteric/haifu.html>.

Haskell
    There are two types of comments in Haskell. They either start with at least two dashes, or are nested comments, delimited with "{-" and "-}". Under "{-keep}", only $1 will be set, returning the entire comment. This pattern requires perl 5.6.0 or newer.

HTML
    In HTML, comments only appear inside a comment declaration. A comment declaration starts with a "<!", and ends with a ">". Inside this declaration, we have zero or more comments. Comments starts with "--" and end with "--", and are optionally followed by whitespace. The pattern "$RE{comment}{HTML}" recognizes those comment declarations (and hence more than a comment). Note that this is not the same as something that starts with "<!--" and ends with "-->", because the following will be matched completely:

        <!--  First  Comment   --
          --> Second Comment <!--
          --  Third  Comment   -->

    Do not be fooled by what your favourite browser thinks is an HTML comment.

    If "{-keep}" is used, the following are returned:

    $1  captures the entire comment declaration.

    $2  captures the MDO (markup declaration open), "<!".

    $3  captures the content between the MDO and the MDC.

    $4  captures the (last) comment, without the surrounding dashes.

    $5  captures the MDC (markup declaration close), ">".

Hugo
    There are two types of comments in Hugo. They either start with "!" (which cannot be followed by a "\"), or are nested comments, delimited with "!\" and "\!". Under "{-keep}", only $1 will be set, returning the entire comment. This pattern requires perl 5.6.0 or newer.

Icon
    Icon has comments that start with "#" and end at the next new line. See <http://www.toolsofcomputing.com/IconHandbook/IconHandbook.pdf>, <http://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/index.htm>, and <http://burks.bton.ac.uk/burks/language/icon/index.htm>.

ILLGOL
    The esotoric language ILLGOL uses comments starting with NB and lasting till the end of the line. See <http://www.catseye.mb.ca/esoteric/illgol/index.html>.

INTERCAL
    Comments in INTERCAL are single line comments. They start with one of the keywords "NOT" or "N'T", and can optionally be preceded by the keywords "DO" and "PLEASE". If both keywords are used, "PLEASE" precedes "DO". Keywords are separated by whitespace.

J   The language J uses comments that start with "NB.", and that last till the end of the line. See <http://www.jsoftware.com/books/help/primer/contents.htm>, and <http://www.jsoftware.com/>.

Java
    The Java language has two forms of comments. Comments that start with "//" and last till the end of the line, and comments that start with "/*", and end with "*/". If "{-keep}" is used, only $1 will be set, and set to the entire comment.

JavaDoc
    The Javadoc documentation syntax is demarked with a subset of ordinary Java comments to separate it from code. Comments start with "/**" end with "*/". If "{-keep}" is used, only $1 will be set, and set to the entire comment. See <http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/documentation/index-137868.html#format>.

JavaScript
    The JavaScript language has two forms of comments. Comments that start with "//" and last till the end of the line, and comments that start with "/*", and end with "*/". If "{-keep}" is used, only $1 will be set, and set to the entire comment. JavaScript is Netscapes implementation of ECMAScript. See <http://www.mozilla.org/js/language/E262-3.pdf>, and <http://www.mozilla.org/js/language/>.

LaTeX
    The documentation language LaTeX uses comments starting with "%" and ending at the end of the line.

Lisp
    Comments in Lisp start with a semi-colon (";") and last till the end of the line.

LPC The LPC language has comments starting with "/*" and ending with "*/".

LOGO
    Comments for the language LOGO start with ";", and last till the end of the line.

lua Comments for the lua language start with "--", and last till the end of the line. See also <http://www.lua.org/manual/manual.html>.

M, MUMPS
    In "M" (aka "MUMPS"), comments start with a semi-colon, and last till the end of a line. The language specification requires the semi-colon to be preceded by one or more linestart characters. Those characters default to a space, but that's configurable. This requirement, of preceding the comment with linestart characters is not tested for. See <ftp://ftp.intersys.com/pub/openm/ism/ism64docs.zip>, <http://mtechnology.intersys.com/mproducts/openm/index.html>, and <http://mcenter.com/mtrc/index.html>.

m4  By default, the preprocessor language m4 uses single line comments, that start with a "#" and continue to the end of the line, including the newline. The pattern "$RE {comment} {m4}" matches such comments. In m4, it is possible to change the starting token though. See <http://wolfram.schneider.org/bsd/7thEdManVol2/m4/m4.pdf>, <http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/~kjt/research/pdf/expl-m4.pdf>, and <http://www.gnu.org/software/m4/manual/>.

Modula-2
    In "Modula-2", comments start with "(*", and end with "*)". Comments may be nested. See <http://www.modula2.org/>.

Modula-3
    In "Modula-3", comments start with "(*", and end with "*)". Comments may be nested. See <http://www.m3.org/>.

mutt
    Configuration files for mutt have comments starting with a "#" and lasting the rest of the line.

Nickle
    The Nickle language has one line comments starting with "#" (like Perl), or multiline comments delimited by "/*" and "*/" (like C). Under "-keep", only $1 will be set. See also <http://www.nickle.org>.

Oberon
    Comments in Oberon start with "(*" and end with "*)". See <http://www.oberon.ethz.ch/oreport.html>.

Pascal
    There are many implementations of Pascal. This modules provides pattern for comments of several implementations.

    "$RE{comment}{Pascal}"
        This is the pattern that recognizes comments according to the Pascal ISO standard. This standard says that comments start with either "{", or "(*", and end with "}" or "*)". This means that "{*)" and "(*}" are considered to be comments. Many Pascal applications don't allow this. See <http://www.pascal-central.com/docs/iso10206.txt>

    "$RE{comment}{Pascal}{Alice}"
        The Alice Pascal compiler accepts comments that start with "{" and end with "}". Comments are not allowed to contain newlines. See <http://www.templetons.com/brad/alice/language/>.

    "$RE{comment}{Pascal}{Delphi}", "$RE{comment}{Pascal}{Free}" and "$RE{comment}{Pascal}{GPC}"
        The Delphi Pascal, Free Pascal and the Gnu Pascal Compiler implementations of Pascal all have comments that either start with "//" and last till the end of the line, are delimited with "{" and "}" or are delimited with "(*" and "*)". Patterns for those comments are given by "$RE{comment}{Pascal}{Delphi}", "$RE{comment}{Pascal}{Free}" and "$RE{comment}{Pascal}{GPC}" respectively. These patterns only set $1 when "{-keep}" is used, which will then include the entire comment.

        See <http://info.borland.com/techpubs/delphi5/oplg/>, <http://www.freepascal.org/docs-html/ref/ref.html> and <http://www.gnu-pascal.de/gpc/>.

    "$RE{comment}{Pascal}{Workshop}"
        The Workshop Pascal compiler, from SUN Microsystems, allows comments that are delimited with either "{" and "}", delimited with "(*)" and "*"), delimited with "/*", and "*/", or starting and ending with a double quote ("""). When "{-keep}" is used, only $1 is set, and returns the entire comment.

        See <http://docs.sun.com/db/doc/802-5762>.

PEARL
    Comments in PEARL start with a "!" and last till the end of the line, or start with "/*" and end with "*/". With "{-keep}", $1 will be set to the entire comment.

PHP Comments in PHP start with either "#" or "//" and last till the end of the line, or are delimited by "/*" and "*/". With "{-keep}", $1 will be set to the entire comment.

PL/B
    In PL/B, comments start with either "." or ";", and end with the next newline. See <http://www.mmcctech.com/pl-b/plb-0010.htm>.

PL/I
    The PL/I language has comments starting with "/*" and ending with "*/".

PL/SQL
    In PL/SQL, comments either start with "--" and run till the end of the line, or start with "/*" and end with "*/".

Perl
    Perl uses comments that start with a "#", and continue till the end of the line.

Portia
    The Portia programming language has comments that start with "//", and last till the end of the line.

Python
    Python uses comments that start with a "#", and continue till the end of the line.

Q-BAL
    Comments in the Q-BAL language start with "`" (a backtick), and contine till the end of the line.

QML In "QML", comments start with "#" and last till the end of the line. See <http://www.questionmark.com/uk/qml/overview.doc>.

R   The statistical language R uses comments that start with a "#" and end with the following new line. See <http://www.r-project.org/>.

REBOL
    Comments for the REBOL language start with ";" and last till the end of the line.

Ruby
    Comments in Ruby start with "#" and last till the end of the time.

Scheme
    Scheme comments start with ";", and last till the end of the line. See <http://schemers.org/>.

shell
    Comments in various shells start with a "#" and end at the end of the line.

Shelta
    The esotoric language Shelta uses comments that start and end with a ";". See <http://www.catseye.mb.ca/esoteric/shelta/index.html>.

SLIDE
    The SLIDE language has two froms of comments. First there is the line comment, which starts with a "#" and includes the rest of the line (just like Perl). Second, there is the multiline, nested comment, which are delimited by "(*" and "*)". Under C{-keep}>, only $1 is set, and is set to the entire comment. See <http://www.cs.freedom.nlrkeley.edu/~ug/slide/docs/slide/spec/spec_frame_intro.shtml>.

slrn
    Configuration files for slrn have comments starting with a "%" and lasting the rest of the line.

Smalltalk
    Smalltalk uses comments that start and end with a double quote, """.

SMITH
    Comments in the SMITH language start with ";", and last till the end of the line.

Squeak
    In the Smalltalk variant Squeak, comments start and end with """. Double quotes can appear inside comments by doubling them.

SQL Standard SQL uses comments starting with two or more dashes, and ending at the end of the line.

    MySQL does not follow the standard. Instead, it allows comments that start with a "#" or "-- " (that's two dashes and a space) ending with the following newline, and comments starting with "/*", and ending with the next ";" or "*/" that isn't inside single or double quotes. A pattern for this is returned by "$RE{comment}{SQL}{MySQL}". With "{-keep}", only $1 will be set, and it returns the entire comment.

Tcl In Tcl, comments start with "#" and continue till the end of the line.

TeX The documentation language TeX uses comments starting with "%" and ending at the end of the line.

troff
    The document formatting language troff uses comments starting with "\"", and continuing till the end of the line.

Ubercode
    The Windows programming language Ubercode uses comments that start with "//" and continue to the end of the line. See <http://www.ubercode.com>.

vi  In configuration files for the editor vi, one can use comments starting with """, and ending at the end of the line.

*W  In the language *W, comments start with "||", and end with "!!".

zonefile
    Comments in DNS zonefiles start with ";", and continue till the end of the line.

ZZT-OOP
    The in-game language ZZT-OOP uses comments that start with a "'" character, and end at the following newline. See <http://dave2.rocketjump.org/rad/zzthelp/lang.html>.

REFERENCES

[Go 90]
    Charles F. Goldfarb: The SGML Handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-19-853737-9. Ch. 10.3, pp 390-391.

SEE ALSO
Regexp::Common for a general description of how to use this interface.

AUTHOR
Damian Conway (damian@conway.org)

MAINTENANCE
This package is maintained by Abigail (regexp-common@abigail.freedom.nl).

BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
Bound to be plenty.

For a start, there are many common regexes missing. Send them in to regexp-common@abigail.freedom.nl.

LICENSE and COPYRIGHT
This software is Copyright (c) 2001 - 2024, Damian Conway and Abigail.

This module is free software, and maybe used under any of the following licenses:

 1) The Perl Artistic License.     See the file COPYRIGHT.AL.
 2) The Perl Artistic License 2.0. See the file COPYRIGHT.AL2.
 3) The BSD License.               See the file COPYRIGHT.BSD.
 4) The MIT License.               See the file COPYRIGHT.MIT.